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What Is a Candlestick Chart? How to Read It

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Written by Tim-bot
Reviewed by Friedrich Odermann Fact-checked by Ed Weinberg
Updated 1/11/2024 15 min read

Candlestick charts, a technique developed in Japan over 100 years ago, are essential in trading, offering deep insights into market trends and price movements. Unlike simpler line charts, candlesticks display the open, close, high, and low prices for a particular period. The ‘body’ of the candlestick represents the opening and closing prices, while the ‘wicks’ or ‘shadows’ show the high and low. The color of the body indicates whether the closing price was higher or lower than the opening price, typically green for an increase and red for a decrease.

You should read this article because it offers a comprehensive guide on understanding and utilizing candlestick charts in trading, enhancing your ability to make informed decisions.

I’ll answer the following questions:

  • What is a candlestick chart?
  • How does a candlestick chart work?
  • What are the benefits of using candlestick charts?
  • What are the basic components of a candlestick chart?
  • What are the basic candlestick patterns?
  • How do candlestick charts compare to bar charts?
  • How do you read a candlestick chart?
  • What are some common candlestick patterns and their significance?

Let’s get to the content!

What Is a Candlestick Chart?

A candlestick chart is more than just lines and shadows; it’s a dynamic tool for visualizing price movements in the stock market. Originating from Japanese rice traders centuries ago, this type of chart has become a staple in technical analysis. Each candlestick represents the battle between buyers and sellers for a given period, providing a comprehensive picture of market sentiment. The chart is formed by individual candlesticks, each telling a unique story about the stock’s opening, closing, high, and low prices within that timeframe.

The Basics of a Candlestick

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The essence of a candlestick lies in its simplicity yet profound information delivery. A single candlestick is composed of a body and wicks (or shadows). The body shows the opening and closing prices, while the wicks represent the high and low prices during the trading period. The color of the body indicates whether the closing price was higher or lower than the opening price, typically green for an increase and red for a decrease. This visual representation allows traders to quickly grasp the market’s direction and strength.

How Does a Candlestick Chart Work?

In my years of trading and teaching, I’ve seen how candlestick charts serve as a roadmap for market psychology. They work by layering the price action of successive time periods, creating a tapestry that illustrates the ongoing struggle between bullish and bearish forces. Recognizing patterns in these candlesticks is crucial. For example, a series of ascending candlesticks suggests an uptrend, while descending ones hint at a downtrend. Understanding these dynamics enables traders to make informed decisions about their trades.

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Benefits of Using Candlestick Charts

Candlestick charts provide traders with a comprehensive view of market movements and the relationship between buyers and sellers. These charts are not just about tracking the price of an asset; they offer insights into market psychology. By understanding candlestick patterns, traders gain a better sense of control over their decisions, making them invaluable in the dynamic environment of stock trading.

Additionally, these charts can highlight significant market events, such as earnings reports or economic announcements, through their patterns and formations.

Some specific patterns, like the Marubozu, indicate more than just price action. This pattern, characterized by a long body without wicks, signals a dominant buying or selling pressure. Its appearance can be a critical factor in decision-making, especially in identifying robust trends or potential reversals. To understand how the Marubozu candlestick can enhance your trading strategy, get into my in-depth analysis of the Marubozu candlestick pattern.

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Visual Representation of Price Action

Candlestick charts excel in visually representing price action. Each candlestick’s size and color convey vital information about the market’s mood. In my experience, this visual clarity helps in quickly deciphering bullish or bearish trends, making it invaluable for both novice and seasoned traders.

Quick Interpretation of Market Sentiment

Market sentiment is vividly captured in candlestick charts. For example, a long green candlestick indicates strong buying pressure, while a long red one suggests dominant selling. This quick interpretation of market sentiment is crucial in making timely trading decisions.

Identification of Reversal and Continuation Patterns

Candlesticks are renowned for highlighting reversal patterns like ‘hammer’ and ‘doji,’ which signal a potential change in market direction. Continuation patterns, on the other hand, suggest the ongoing trend will persist. Recognizing these patterns is key in making informed trading decisions.

Enhanced Timing for Entry and Exit Points

By analyzing candlestick patterns, traders can pinpoint optimal entry and exit points. This aspect of candlesticks has been fundamental in my trading strategy, allowing for precision in timing trades.

Compatibility with Other Technical Analysis Tools

Candlestick charts integrate seamlessly with other technical analysis tools. Whether it’s combining them with moving averages, RSI, or support and resistance levels, they enhance the effectiveness of these tools.

Applicability Across Different Time Frames

Whether you’re a day trader or a long-term investor, candlestick charts are versatile across various time frames. This adaptability makes them invaluable for all types of traders.

Components of a Candlestick Chart

A candlestick chart is made up of individual ‘candlesticks’ that represent price movements of an asset over a set period. Each candlestick has a ‘body’ that shows the opening and closing prices and ‘wicks’ that indicate the high and low points. This structure provides a clear picture of the market’s movements, allowing traders to observe gaps between trading periods. Gaps can be significant indicators of market sentiment, often occurring due to overnight news or events impacting the stock. Understanding these components is crucial for anyone looking to trade in the stock markets effectively.

Price Movement

The primary component of a candlestick chart is price movement. Each candlestick provides a visual summary of the price movements within a chosen time frame, revealing the battle between buyers and sellers.

Time Period

Each candlestick represents a specific time period, which can range from a minute to a month. This flexibility allows traders to tailor their analysis to their trading style and goals.

Lowest Prices and Highest Prices

The top and bottom of the wicks represent the highest and lowest prices traded during the period. These points are crucial in identifying market volatility and potential price extremes.

Real Body and Upper Wick/Lower Wick

The ‘real body’ of a candlestick shows the range between the opening and closing prices. The wicks indicate the high and low. A long body signifies strong buying or selling pressure, while a short body indicates a more indecisive market.

What Are the Basic Candlestick Patterns?

Candlestick patterns are the foundation of technical analysis in trading. Basic patterns like the ‘morning star,’ a bullish reversal pattern, provide traders with cues about potential market turns.

These patterns help in predicting the future direction of stock prices, enabling traders to make informed decisions. The understanding of these patterns is not just about recognizing shapes on a chart; it’s about interpreting the story of the market, the push and pull between bullish and bearish forces, and how events and market sentiment are shaping the movement of stocks.

There’s much more to discover about candlestick patterns. Each pattern offers unique insights into market behavior, helping traders anticipate potential price movements. Understanding a wide range of patterns is key to developing a nuanced approach to market analysis. For a comprehensive exploration of candlestick patterns and their implications in trading, check out my detailed guide on candlestick patterns.

Bearish Engulfing Pattern

This pattern occurs when a small bullish candle is followed by a large bearish candle, engulfing the previous one. It signals a potential reversal from an uptrend to a downtrend.

GM chart: 3-month, 1-day candle, bearish engulfing — courtesy of StocksToTrade.com

Bullish Engulfing Pattern

Conversely, a bullish engulfing pattern forms when a small bearish candle is followed by a larger bullish candle, indicating a potential shift from a downtrend to an uptrend.

WKHS chart: 3-month, 1-day candle, bullish engulfing — courtesy of StocksToTrade.com

Bearish Evening Star

A bearish evening star is a three-candle pattern indicating a reversal in an uptrend. It starts with a large bullish candle, followed by a small-bodied candle and then a large bearish candle.

TSLA chart: 4-month, 1-day candle, evening star — courtesy of StocksToTrade.com

Bearish Harami

This pattern consists of a large candle followed by a smaller candle, signaling a decrease in a stock’s momentum and potentially a bearish reversal.

Bullish Harami

A bullish harami, the opposite of a bearish harami, may indicate a shift from a downtrend to an uptrend.

Bearish Harami Cross

The bearish harami cross is a variant of the bearish harami but with a doji as the second candle, suggesting a stronger potential for reversal.

Bullish Harami Cross

The bullish harami cross, similar to its bearish counterpart, features a doji, indicating indecision but with potential bullish implications.

Bullish Rising Three

This pattern consists of a long bullish candle, followed by three small bearish candles, and then another long bullish candle. It’s a sign of continuation in an uptrend.

Bearish Falling Three

The bearish falling three, a mirror of the bullish rising three, signals continuation in a downtrend.

Technical Analysis With Candlestick Charts

Incorporating candlestick charts into technical analysis enhances the understanding of market trends and trader psychology. By analyzing patterns, traders can predict future price movements with greater confidence. As a seasoned trader, I’ve found that combining candlestick analysis with indicators like volume and momentum can provide a more comprehensive market view.

Understanding candlestick reversal patterns is crucial for predicting shifts in market trends. These patterns, such as the ‘hammer’ and ‘doji,’ serve as key indicators of potential reversals in price direction. Recognizing these patterns early can provide traders with a significant advantage in timing their trades. For an in-depth look at candlestick reversal patterns and how to effectively incorporate them into your trading strategy, explore my comprehensive guide on candlestick reversal patterns.

Candlestick Charts vs. Bar Charts

The main difference between candlestick charts and bar charts lies in their visual representation of price movements. Candlesticks provide a more detailed and intuitive visual representation, making them superior for understanding market sentiment and potential price movements.

How To Read a Candlestick Chart

Reading a candlestick chart involves more than just looking at the price movements of an asset; it requires an understanding of the underlying market dynamics. Each candlestick tells a story of the battle between bulls and bears, revealing who’s in control at any given moment. By analyzing how candlesticks group together, traders can infer potential market directions. For example, a series of candlesticks with small bodies could indicate a period of indecision or a consolidation before a significant move. Articles and resources on candlestick patterns provide a wealth of knowledge for traders looking to deepen their understanding of market trends and movements.

Understand the Basic Structure of a Candlestick

Familiarize yourself with the candlestick’s components: the body and the wicks. These elements illustrate the opening, closing, high, and low prices.

Differentiate Bullish and Bearish Candles

Identify bullish and bearish candles through their color and positioning. Bullish candles typically have a closing price higher than the opening, while bearish candles close lower than they open.

Interpret the Significance of Candlestick Colors

Colors in candlestick charts are not standardized but generally, green or white signifies a bullish candle, and red or black indicates a bearish candle.

Analyze the Length of Wicks for Market Sentiment

Long wicks represent significant price rejection, while short wicks indicate minimal price movement outside the open and close range.

Read Patterns in Multiple Candlestick Formations

Understanding patterns formed by groups of candlesticks is crucial. These patterns can signal continuations or reversals in the market trend.

Recognize Common Candlestick Patterns

Learn to identify key patterns like doji, hammer, engulfing, and harami. These patterns provide valuable insights into market sentiment and potential price movements.

Key Takeaways

  • Candlestick charts are a vital tool for analyzing market trends and price movements.
  • Understanding candlestick patterns can greatly enhance trading decisions.
  • These charts are versatile, applicable across various time frames and compatible with other technical analysis tools.
  • Recognizing bullish and bearish patterns in candlesticks is essential for predicting market movements.

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Do you use candlestick charts in your trading strategy? Let me know in the comments — I love hearing from my readers!

Frequently Asked Questions

What Candlestick Pattern is the Most Accurate?

No single candlestick pattern is universally the most accurate. However, patterns like the engulfing and harami are highly regarded for their reliability in signaling trend reversals.

How Do You Interpret CandleSticks?

Interpreting candlesticks involves analyzing their shape, color, and the context within which they appear. This includes looking at the length of the body and wicks, the color of the body, and the pattern they form with adjacent candlesticks.

What Is the 3 Candlestick Rule?

The 3 candlestick rule refers to a pattern involving three consecutive candlesticks, often used to predict a continuation or reversal in the market trend.


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Author card Timothy Sykes picture

Timothy Sykes

Tim Sykes is a penny stock trader and teacher who became a self-made millionaire by the age of 22 by trading $12,415 of bar mitzvah money. After becoming disenchanted with the hedge fund world, he established the Tim Sykes Trading Challenge to teach aspiring traders how to follow his trading strategies. He’s been featured in a variety of media outlets including CNN, Larry King, Steve Harvey, Forbes, Men’s Journal, and more. He’s also an active philanthropist and environmental activist, a co-founder of Karmagawa, and has donated millions of dollars to charity. Read More

* Results are not typical and will vary from person to person. Making money trading stocks takes time, dedication, and hard work. There are inherent risks involved with investing in the stock market, including the loss of your investment. Past performance in the market is not indicative of future results. Any investment is at your own risk. See Terms of Service here

The available research on day trading suggests that most active traders lose money. Fees and overtrading are major contributors to these losses.

A 2000 study called “Trading is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors” evaluated 66,465 U.S. households that held stocks from 1991 to 1996. The households that traded most averaged an 11.4% annual return during a period where the overall market gained 17.9%. These lower returns were attributed to overconfidence.

A 2014 paper (revised 2019) titled “Learning Fast or Slow?” analyzed the complete transaction history of the Taiwan Stock Exchange between 1992 and 2006. It looked at the ongoing performance of day traders in this sample, and found that 97% of day traders can expect to lose money from trading, and more than 90% of all day trading volume can be traced to investors who predictably lose money. Additionally, it tied the behavior of gamblers and drivers who get more speeding tickets to overtrading, and cited studies showing that legalized gambling has an inverse effect on trading volume.

A 2019 research study (revised 2020) called “Day Trading for a Living?” observed 19,646 Brazilian futures contract traders who started day trading from 2013 to 2015, and recorded two years of their trading activity. The study authors found that 97% of traders with more than 300 days actively trading lost money, and only 1.1% earned more than the Brazilian minimum wage ($16 USD per day). They hypothesized that the greater returns shown in previous studies did not differentiate between frequent day traders and those who traded rarely, and that more frequent trading activity decreases the chance of profitability.

These studies show the wide variance of the available data on day trading profitability. One thing that seems clear from the research is that most day traders lose money .

Millionaire Media 66 W Flagler St. Ste. 900 Miami, FL 33130 United States (888) 878-3621 This is for information purposes only as Millionaire Media LLC nor Timothy Sykes is registered as a securities broker-dealer or an investment adviser. No information herein is intended as securities brokerage, investment, tax, accounting or legal advice, as an offer or solicitation of an offer to sell or buy, or as an endorsement, recommendation or sponsorship of any company, security or fund. Millionaire Media LLC and Timothy Sykes cannot and does not assess, verify or guarantee the adequacy, accuracy or completeness of any information, the suitability or profitability of any particular investment, or the potential value of any investment or informational source. The reader bears responsibility for his/her own investment research and decisions, should seek the advice of a qualified securities professional before making any investment, and investigate and fully understand any and all risks before investing. Millionaire Media LLC and Timothy Sykes in no way warrants the solvency, financial condition, or investment advisability of any of the securities mentioned in communications or websites. In addition, Millionaire Media LLC and Timothy Sykes accepts no liability whatsoever for any direct or consequential loss arising from any use of this information. This information is not intended to be used as the sole basis of any investment decision, nor should it be construed as advice designed to meet the investment needs of any particular investor. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future returns.

Citations for Disclaimer

Barber, Brad M. and Odean, Terrance, Trading is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors. Available at SSRN: “Day Trading for a Living?”

Barber, Brad M. and Lee, Yi-Tsung and Liu, Yu-Jane and Odean, Terrance and Zhang, Ke, Learning Fast or Slow? (May 28, 2019). Forthcoming: Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Available at SSRN: “https://ssrn.com/abstract=2535636”

Chague, Fernando and De-Losso, Rodrigo and Giovannetti, Bruno, Day Trading for a Living? (June 11, 2020). Available at SSRN: “https://ssrn.com/abstract=3423101”